Xichen

Zhang Xichen was a Chinese editor who founded the publishing firm Kaiming Press. Born to a family of poor merchants near Shaoxing, he received traditional tutoring, failed to pass the civil service exams, and was forced to drop out of a private school in order to enter an arranged marriage when he was 17. He established a rudimentary primary school for his hometown, enrolling in a normal school after an inspector refused to certify him. He grew close to the school's principal, who found him employment at the Shanghai publisher Commercial Press in 1912.

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