Kalonga

Kamalanka, variously recorded in Chinese sources as Chia-mo-lang-chia, Lang-chia, and Lang-ya-hsiu, elsewhere as Kolo, in Ptolemy's Geographike Hyphegesis as Balangka or Kalonga, in the Tanjore Inscription as Mevilimbangam, and in the Bhavavarman II inscription as Sambuka, was a Dvaravati polity in the western Chao Phraya basin of central Thailand. Established in the late 1st or early 2nd century CE, it endured until 1058, when its capital at ancient Nakhon Pathom was likely destroyed by Anawrahta of Pagan during his invasion of the Lavo Kingdom. Regarded as the successor of Tun Sun, its first embassy to China in 515 CE claimed a foundation some four centuries earlier, and subsequent embassies were dispatched in 523 and 531. The polity remained known in later tradition, with 20th-century Chinese settlers still referring to the western Chao Phraya region, specifically the Meklong-Tha Chin Basins, as Lang-jia-jiu, while the Lan Na Yonok Chronicle recorded Ayodhya of the pre-Ayutthaya era as Guru Rath, closely resembling the Chinese name Kolo.

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